Should Abortion Be Legal - 1530 Words

Whoopi Goldberg, Marilyn Monroe and Stevie Nicks. As well known as these names are, they all share a trait, a trait which makes them as similar as the next. Can you guess? Abortion. Each one of these famous women has had an abortion. Not only are they famous for their acts, their music and their acting – they are famous for their choice of getting an abortion. Not only in America, but Australians also have chosen to have an abortion. One in three women in Australia have made the decision to murder their unborn child in the ways of science. This creates a major problem for doctors as the religious priests and members of the church will do anything to stop it for occurring. â€Å"An estimated 80,000 - 90,000 surgical abortions are performed†¦show more content†¦There are two different ways abortions are performed in Australia. The first is surgical abortion, which breaks down into two subcategories - Vacuum aspiration, and Dilatation and Evacuation. Vacuum aspiration uses gentle suction to remove the pregnancy and takes about 5-10 minutes from start to finish. Dilatation and Evacuation is usually performed between 15 to 24 weeks of pregnancy. It is carried out under general anaesthetic (asleep). A doctor will remove the pregnancy using narrow surgical tweezers passed through the neck of the womb and gentle suction. It requires one visit to the clinic. (BPAS, 2010) According to the Victorian Law Reform Commission (VLRC) accepted that the estimated annual number of abortions performed in Australia is between 80 000 and 85 000. On the question of public opinion in Australia, the VLRC concluded that the majority support a woman’s right to choose, but an undefined subset of these people also support restrictions based on the grounds for abortion and gestational age. This finding strongly suggests that there is considerable support in Australia for a woman’s right to choose an abortion early in an unintended pregnancy. As safe and secure abortions are in Australia, there is still great controversy regarding them being performed. Many anti-abortion groups have been organised around Australia and are entirely against the concept of Abortion. A main group of pro-life supporters are from the Catholic church. In the catholic

The Effects Of Alcoholism On The World Health Organization

Introduction People in Australia are among the most prolific alcohol drinkers in the world according to the World Health Organisation’s report published in 2014. Australians over the age of 15 drink in average of 12.2 litres per capita per year which puts us at quite at a high level by world standards, even more than the Britons (11.6 litres) and the Americans (9.2 litres) respectively. Australians take pride in its drinking culture reputation and accept it as a social norm; not acknowledging the harm it could cause. As opposed to the using of illegal drugs directly governed by law to maintain social order, alcoholism is still considered more of a personal behaviour problem, and therefore, is only considered as a personal responsibility†¦show more content†¦The cultural functions of alcohol consumptions then will be explored; and lastly, alcoholism as a social problem that causes dysfunction and social disorganisation/disorder will be discussed. Discussion A social problem can be defined as some conditions or set of events or group of persons that is undesirable/unfavourable (that violate certain values or beliefs about how a society should function) to a significant proportion of population (Mooney, Knox, Schacht, 2000). The structural-functional perspective is mainly based on the Herbert Spencer’s, Emile Durkheim’s, Talcott Parsons’ and Robert Menton’s works. These theories view society as interrelated and interconnected parts of a system that work harmoniously to maintain a state of balance as a whole, and focuses on how each part influences and be influenced by the other parts. Beliefs, culture, structure, function and adaptations are the key elements that need to be maintained to achieve social order. Society becomes dysfunctional when these elements of society disrupt social stability (Mooney et al., 2000, p. 10). While the culture of consuming alcohol should have functioned as a social part of society, current excessive level of consumptions at harmful levels have created problems in society, such as alcohol-fuelled violence (bar-fights and domestic violence), medical conditions (like heart and circulatory problems), alcohol-related accidents (drink-driving), complic ations in pregnancy

Critical Thinking Model Example Free Essays

1. I believe a college education is the most important goal a young person should pursue. 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Thinking Model Example or any similar topic only for you Order Now From my point of view the concept of a ‘college’ is an accredited institution that offers a liberal arts program in addition to specific subject areas. Its importance should be in the top 3 areas of a young person’s life. 3. An example would be the small college I attended where I was introduced to a broad liberal education. 4. I have always held this view. My parents influenced me and then I was able to ‘test’ this view out when I chose my college and the degrees I earned. I always knew you could major in a lot of areas without the need to be that specific. 5. I am assuming that most people have the opportunity to experience college and can afford it. They have both the resources and the will to succeed in college. 6. A liberal education introduces the student to a vast body of knowledge, encourages them to become a free thinker and provides a foundation from which they can build upon and refer back to. Studies suggest that top employers value good communication skills, problem solving skills and the ability to think independently. A liberal education provides this skill. 7. Another POV is that people excel in lots of different areas and can pursue a trade college or skill and begin making money right after high school. 8. Even though many people do not have the ability or resources to go to college and begin working, I conclude if resources and talents allow, a liberal education is an invaluable pursuit in a young person’s life. . The consequences of believing in a liberal education are that colleges need to continue to receive the proper funding to keep liberal arts programs running and alive. They also need to make sure that enough aid is awarded to those students that cannot afford to attend. And finally, family and work need to take a backseat in order to fulfill the requirements of college life. How to cite Critical Thinking Model Example, Essay examples

Different Tools Of Pricing And Strategies Of Amazon †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Different Tools Of Pricing And Strategies Of Amazon. Answer: Introduction Amazon was founded in the year 1994 by the present visionary Jeff Bezos, he identified the lacunae in the practices of the e-commerce companies and clubbed it with his mission for an e-commerce company, and the result was Amazon. The company started off as an online bookseller, which soon gained popularity and is not selling almost anything to everything on its platform (Bhatt, Patel, Chheda Gawande, 2015). The company operates in more than 18 countries and ships product to over 160 countries. The company which employees over 5, 00, 00 people earned revenue of 138 Billion USD in the year 2016. Amazon is the largest e-commerce companies in the world and one of the most valued organizations across globe. The company has a customer-centric approach, which it resonates thorough its business process, policies and procedures to pass on the maximum benefit to its customers (Jain, Madan Singh, 2016). A number of e-commerce companies emerged as the result of Amazon success, hence Amazon realized if it has to sustain its business model; it has to adopt some differentiation strategy to stay ahead of its competition. The company came up with cost based leadership as one of its differentiated strategy (Stadler, 2017). The purpose of the assignment here is to discuss the different tools of pricing and various strategies one can adopt to leverage the pricing to gain a competitive edge in the market. In brief themarketing mix of Amazon will be discussed to fulfil the objectives of the assignment. Marketing Mix Marketingmix is a set of action or tactics undertaken by a company to promote its brand or product in the consumer market. Organization use 4P/7P of marketing to decide on the future strategic goals of the organization Product Amazon has millions of products listed on its website and its product line is extensively segregated into various categories for easy user navigation. Some of its product line include: Kindle Books DVD Consumer electronics Consumer durables Jewellery Home furnishing Lifestyle products Alexa Firefly(Babin Zikmund, 2015) Price The pricing strategy of the company differs from market to market. For example for Price sensitive markets like India, the company offers products at lowest price, and in certain other markets the strategy of the company is competitive. Thus, the strategy for Amazon is Go global and think local (Chauhan, 2015) Place Amazon is recently foraying into opening of offline stores, go stores was first of its kind store in Seattle. However, its prime revenue generator still is the online model(Strauss, 2016) Promotion The company uses both offline and online tools for the penetration of its marketing campaign. The company designs great promotional campaign and uses a great mix of traditional and web marketing to promote the brand and the product(Jackson Ahuja, 2016) Physical Evidence Amazon has always maintained high degree of physical evidence through its brand logo, product packaging and the material. Amazon has a high brand recall due to its logo, which ensembles that it covers all the products with the initials A-z More so; the packaging of Amazon product is a physical evidence of its consumers. People The team at Amazon creates processes keeping in mind the customers at the focus. They always believe in focussing on people and are a customer centric firm. The company also believes in taking good care of its employees and goes with the philosophy that If you take care of your employees, they will take care of your shareholders Process Amazon has a great customer support which serves all the 180 countries where its product is shipped. The company has been appreciated by its customers for creating processes which benefits the customers the most. Pricing Pricing is one of the most -mix of marketing which has the ability to write the success or failure strategy of the company, hence organization pay great attention towards the pricing its set for its product or services. There are multiple reasons for the success of Amazon; its business models, its business process and policies, its marketing strategies, its operations, logistics and its leadership, another factor which contributes towards its success is its pricing strategy (Nagle, Hogan Zale, 2016). Amazon knew from the start that in order to sell online and make people readily come to their platform, they would definitely have to come up with cost leadership for its customers. Pricing models Good pricing helps to determine the price to sell the good and services in order to maximize the profit from sales. A lot of companies go with volume sales and keep the profit margin less, this way they are able to earn more profits securing the fate of the organization. Amazon uses this strategy brilliantly, in any of its markets, the prices of Amazon products is lower than any of its competitors. Also to add, despite selling at such low cost the company is able to make profits and even spends a big fortune on its marketing. Some of the pricing models which should be understood in detail to understand how organizations decide on the pricing of the products: Premium Pricing In premium pricing business sets the costs higher than their competitors, this type of pricing is suitable for small businesses that operates in a niche market and can ask higher price for providing premium products. Another rationale for charging premium price for the product is because of the value based pricing (Liu Gu, 2016). Business has two strategies to set a price, one is cost based and the other is value based. In cost based, the price of the product is determined by taking into consideration al the cost centres, in value based pricing, the price is calculated according to the perceived value of the product. Ensuring that the customer purchase the product at a premium pricing is not easy, the organization has to ensure the following steps to secure the same: Product packaging, designing and the look and feel should be attractive and really attract the customer (Armstrong, Kotler, Harker Brennan, 2015). The marketing of the product has to be in sync with the premium pricing(Choi, 2017) Store dcor should complement the premium pricing (Keller, 2017). Bundle Pricing Bundle pricing is the strategy which a lot of businesses are doing in the present day; they combine more than one product and sell it as a bundle to the customers. The biggest advantage of the the bundle pricing is that customer receives two products at relatively lower price (Hallberg, 2017). In the case, where customer buys a product alone, the price is high, but with bundle the price is lower. Bundle pricing is more effective for companies which offer complementary products, for example; Gillette selling Razor with blades. Another advantage of bundle pricing is that the company is able to move quickly the products which are selling slow and are occupying shelf space (Arthur, 2018). Psychological Pricing Psychological pricing directly affects the emotions of a human; this type of pricing is directly targeted towards human emotions. It pushes employees to respond to emotional levels rather than the logical levels. A lot of products are of these particular reasons priced at $ 199, 299 and many more; it also has a logical explanation attached to it. Consumers focus on the first number rather than the second, hence to make the pricing look attractive and gaze the attention of the customers company uses this pricing strategy (Liu Yang, 2016). Price Skimming Price skimming is one of the most popular pricing strategies used by the company. Companies in order to make high profits on products, keep the price of products high in the initial phase of introduction, thus skimming the market with profits. This strategy is done to ensure collection of maximum revenues or profits in the very early stage of the product cycles. Multiplex uses this strategy to skim easy profits in the initial days and then reduce the price for maximum penetration. This strategy helps the companies to skim maximum profit from the early adopters and then reduce the price for the price sensitive consumers. This strategy is a refined version of premium pricing strategy, wherein the company charges premium, but here, the premium is charged to make money from early adopters and then the price is reduced to penetrate the market. Economy Pricing As the name suggests, this type of pricing is used to attract the most price conscious customer segment. The product category mostly include grocery, food suppliers and discount retailers, This strategy helps in minimizing the cost of production and marketing in order to keep the prices of the products down., they aim to achieve the economies of scale with this strategy. Wal-Mart, Target Tesco are some of the examples of the organization using this strategy. Market Penetration Pricing This is the strategy which Amazon used by following the cost leadership; in this strategy organization keeps the cost of the products extremely low to drive huge sales. The company is well aware of the losses it will make during the initial days, but as the product awareness in the market grows, more and more people start buying the product, thus increasing sales in volumes for the company. Once the product is known to a large number of audiences, they tweak the price by a small margin, which is hardly noticed by the customers, thus making more profits. Penetration pricing has proven to be very successful marketing strategies in almost all the markets and mostly in the price sensitive markets like the Asian economy Cost Based Pricing This is one of the easiest and simplest ways to calculate the price of the product. In this type of pricing, the individual cost of the product ingredient is included and at the end, a small mark-up is added to determine the price. A lot of manufacturing companies use this kind of pricing. It is further differentiated into 2 models, cost based pricing and cost plus pricing. In cost based pricing, variable and fixed price is included and a % mark-up is added to it. In direct cost pricing there is a mark-up on the variable cost. These are in comprehension all the pricing models any organization can use to stay competitive in the industry. Every organization has its own strategy to determine the price and its strategies towards occupying a larger market share, thus they come up with their own pricing, keeping in mind the target audience and the product. Amazon- Pricing Strategy as the USP At Amazon 20% of the traffic is driven from the websites which compares the prices of different products being sold on different websites, hence Amazon has to see to it that their algorithm uses Artificial intelligence to have knowledge of such sites. 80-90 of the online audience are surfing the internet to hunt for the best deals at the lost price, Amazon uses algorithm for such audience and shows them lowest price in comparison to its competitors. The company uses cost leadership strategy and ensures that its products are priced at the lowest in comparison to other competitors. Although, Amazon tries to even differentiate its offering by tweaking its algorithm to improve the customer experience, easy surfing, and curated deals for the customers, the price still plays a very crucial role. Thus the company keeps a regular check on the prices of its competitors and it prices its product either at the same rate or at a relatively lower price. Conclusion Pricing is one of the most important elements of the marketing mix, which helps in identifying the action or the tactics company has to take to create a brand name in the market or to create product awareness. Amazon which was founded in the market is extremely successful because of its unique cost leadership strategy; the company focuses on volume business and thus keeps the price low, and still makes a profit on the products being sold at its website. This pricing strategy works best in price sensitive market, more so in the e-commerce category, pulling the customer on the website is a difficult task, thus using pricing as the focus point for the customers, product penetration is achieved. Penetration pricing, Skimming, Economy pricing, cost based pricing are some of the pricing strategies used by the companies across the globe. References Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M., Brennan, R. (2015).Marketing: an introduction.New York: Pearson Education. Arthur, W. B. (2018). Asset pricing under endogenous expectations in an artificial stock market. InThe economy as an evolving complex system II(pp. 31-60). CRC Press. Babin, B. J., Zikmund, W. G. (2015).Exploring marketing research. Boston: Cengage Learning. Bhatt, A., Patel, A., Chheda, H., Gawande, K. (2015). Amazon Review Classification and Sentiment Analysis.International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies,6(6), 5107-5110. Chauhan, P. (2015). A Comparative study on consumer Preferences towards online retail marketers-with special reference to Flipkart, Jabong, Amazon, Snapdeal Myntra and fashion and you.IJAR,1(10), 1021-1026. Choi, S. C. (2017). Defensive strategy against a private label: Building brand premium for retailer cooperation.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,34, 335-339. Hallberg, N. L. (2017). The micro-foundations of pricing strategy in industrial markets: A case study in the European packaging industry.Journal of Business Research,76, 179-188. Jackson, G., Ahuja, V. (2016). Dawn of the digital age and the evolution of the marketing mix.Journal of Direct, Data and Digital Marketing Practice,17(3), 170-186. Jain, E., Madan, M., Singh, S. (2016). Impact of Value Creation on Stock Prices: A Study of Amazon. Com, Inc.Middle East Journal of Business,55(3035), 1-9. Keller, K. L. (2017). Managing the growth tradeoff: Challenges and opportunities in luxury branding. InAdvances in Luxury Brand Management(pp. 179-198). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. LIU, X., GU, L. (2016). The Study of Pricing Strategy in Online-offline Channel Based on the Consumer's Switching Behavior.Journal of Management,2, 009. Liu, Y., Yang, R. (2016, May). The choice of manufacturer's online customization channel under different pricing models. InControl and Decision Conference (CCDC), 2016 Chinese(pp. 2435-2440). IEEE. Nagle, T. T., Hogan, J., Zale, J. (2016).The Strategy and Tactics of Pricing: New International Edition. Abingdon: Routledge. Stadler, D. (2017). AMAZON CASE STUDY DRIVING CUSTOMER EQUITY.Proceedings of MAC 2017, 276. Strauss, J. (2016).E-marketing.Abingdon: Routledge.